Fortifications of Luzon

 

 

Region	Province	Catalogue Number Muncipality/ City		Date of Construction/ Builder	Type	Status
Luzon
Region 1: Ilocos
	Ilocos Norte	01-01 Bacarra		ca. late-18th century	Watchtower	Ruins
		01-02 Badoc		Probably early-18th/ Augustinians	Watchtower	Ruins
		01-03-04 Currimao		late-18th century	Watchtower	Ruins (North tower better preserved than the south tower)
		01-05 Laoag		1700/ Augustinians	Belltower	Repaired
		01-06 Pasuquin		ca. late-18th century	Watchtower	Ruined but sufficient remains
	Ilocos Sur	01-07 Bantay		Probably 1691-92;restored 1870-85, 1892/ Alonso Cortes, OSA, Eduardo Navarro, OSA and Lizardo Villanueva, OSA	Belltower	Repaired, used as church belltower
		01-08 Cabugao		After 1791/ Augustinians	Watchtower	Partially ruined
		01-09 Narvacan Sulvec		Probably late-18th century/ Augustinians	Watchtower	Restored
		01-10-11 San Esteban		mid-19th century/ Dámaso Vieytez, OSA, Don Agustín Santiago and Don Domingo Sumabas	Watchtower	Degraded
		01-12 Santa		Most likely 18th century/ Augustinians	Watchtower	UNCERTAIN
		01-13 Santiago		mid-19th century/ Dámaso Vieytez, OSA, Don Agustín Santiago and Don Domingo Sumabas	Watchtower	Ruins
		01-14 Sinait		Most likely 18th century/ Augustinians	Watchtower	Partially ruined
		01-15 Santo Domingo		Uncertain	Watchtower	Ruins
	La Union	01-16 Bacnotan		Probably late-18th century/ Augustinians	Watchtower	Uncertain
		01-17 Balaoan Darigayos		Probably late-18th century/ Augustinians	Watchtower	Ruins
		01-18 Bauang		Probably late-18th century/ Augustinians	Watchtower	No remains but oral tradition attest to existence of tower in the past
		01-19 Carlatan		Probably late-18th century/ Augustinians	Watchtower	Reused as a residence in a resort
		01-20 Luna		Probably late-18th century/ Augustinians	Watchtower	Ruined recently
		01-21 San Juan		Probably late-18th century/ Augustinians	Watchtower	Ruins
Region 2: Cagayan
	Batanes	02-01 Basco (Fuerza de San Vicente)		ca. 1798/ Dominicans	Fortification	No remains
		02-02 Ivana (San Felix de Naviec)		After 1791/ probably military	Fortification	No remains
	Isabela	02-03 Cabagan		Demolished by 1738/ Military	Fortification	No remains
	Cagayan	02-04 Capinata[n] (Presidio de San José)		ca. 1719/ Military	Fortification	No remains
		02-05 Cavicunga (Presidio de San José)		ca/ 1738/ Military	Fortification	No remains
		02-07 Itugud (Fuerza de Santiago)		Before 1738/ Military	Fortification	No remains
		02-08 Lallo (Castillo de San Francisco)		Before 1719; NHI-“prior to 1751”/ Military	Fortification	No remains
		02-09 Tuao (Fuerza de San José)		Before 1719/ Military	Fortification	Ruins
	Nueva Vizcaya	02-06 Dupax (Church of San Vicente Ferrer)		18th century (1776)/ Dominicans	Fortified church	Some remains of loopholes in convento
CAR Cordillera Administrative Region
	Abra	CAR-01 Bucay (Fuerte Gen. Martinez, Cuartel de Bucay)		Probably first half 19th century (1848)/ probably military	Fortification	Ruins
Region 3: Central Luzon
	Aurora	03-01 Baler Tower 1		1847/ Jose Urbina de Esparragosa, OFM	Watchtower	No remains
		03-02 Baler Tower 2		1847/ Jose Urbina de Esparragosa OFM	Watchtower	No remains
		03-03 Baler Church		Probably 1864/ Jose Urbina de Esparragosa OFM	Fortified church	No remains
		03-04 Baler Naval Station		19th century/ Spanish Navy	Naval Station	No remains
		03-05 Casiguran		Probably late-19th century/ Franciscans	Watchtower	Uncertain
	Bataan	03-06 Morong		Probably late-18th century/ Recollects	Fortified church	Renovated
	Pam-panga	03-07 Mamalas		Demolished by 1738/ private individual (maintained by Capt. Miguel de Pelayo)	Fortification	No remains
	Zambales	03-08 Botolan (La Playa Honda)		ca. 1663-68/ Military	Fortification	Ruins covered with lahar
		03-09 Subic		1885/ Navy	Naval Station	Gate exists, renovated
NCR National Capital Region
		NCR-01 Manila (Intramuros)		1594-1878/ Various—e.g. Antonio Sedeño SJ, Dionisio Tongco, Gov. Gen. Perez de Dasmariñas, Juan de Ciscara, Dionisio O’Kelley	Fortified city	Restored
		NCR-02 Manila (Santiago)		1581/ Various [See above NCR-01]	Bastioned fort	Restored
		NCR-03 Manila (San Antonio Abad)		1584; renovated and reinforced, 1764/ Military	Bastioned fort	Restored
		NCR-04 San Juan (Polverin)		1771/ Military	Ammunition depot	Little remains
Region 4A: CALABARZON (Formerly Southern Tagalog)
	Batangas	04A-01 Batangas		Before 1778/ Augustinians	Fortfied church	No remains
		04A-02 Bauang		Between 1671 and 1689 (fortification at Lonal or Loual); 1775 (fortification at Aplaya Bay) demolished 1845/ Nicolás de Rivera, OSA (Lonal fortification); Miguel Bañas, OSA (Aplaya Bay fortification)	Watchtower	Ruins
		04A-03-05 Various Sites		Insufficient data	Watchtowers	Unconfirmed
	Cavite	04A-06 Cavite City (Puerto de Cavite)		Early 16th-19th century/ Military, various architects and engineers	Fortified city	Little remains
		04A-07 Cavite City (San Felipe)		1609-1616, constructed; Renovated 1705; demolished early 20th century/ Military; renovation 1705 Juan de Ciscara	Bastioned fort Royal shipyard	Little remains: Gate part of a wall and bastion
		04A-08-12 Corregidor		1779 onwards / In the 18th century, the Spanish navy. In the 20th century, the American military	Naval Station	Partially restored
		04A-13 Maragondon		Probably 18th century/ Probably Jesuits	Fortified church	Little remains
	Laguna	04A-14 Santa Rosa		1877/ Guardia civil	Military barracks	Ruins
	Quezon	04A-15 Atimonan (Iskong Bantay)		ca. 1752/ Probably Franciscans	Watchtower	Rins
		04A-16 Atimonan Convent		1696 / Fray José de Jesus Maria, OFM	Fortified church	Renovated
		04A-17 Gumaca (San Diego de Alcala)		Second half 18th century, 1850 (connecting wall)/ Franciscans; in the 19th century, Francisco Costa, OFM	Fortification	Partial ruins renovated
		04A-18 Lucena		Before 1887/ Probably Franciscans	Watchtower	No remains
Region 4B: MIMAROPA
	Marindu-que	04B-01 Boac Church		18th century/ Jesuits	Fortified church	Renovated
		04B-02 Boac Laylay Tower		18th century?/ Jesuits	Watchtower	Ruins
		04B-03 Gasan		19th century/ Probably secular clergy	Watchtower Fortified church	Ruins
		04B-04 Mogpog		18th century/ Jesuis	Fortified church	Little remains
		04B-05 Sta Cruz Church		18th century; 1721/ Jesuits	Fortified church	Renovated church, walls degraded
		04B-06 Sta Cruz Tower		18th century?/ Jesuits	Watchtower	Renovated
	Mindoro	04B-07 Bongabong		Probably 17th century, if the Jesuit attribution is correct/ Attributed to the Jesuits	Watchtower	Ruins
		04B-08 Calapan		1768/ Diego de San José, OAR	Watchtower	Some remains, portion of wall and bastion
		04B-09 Naujan		Probably late 18th to 19th century/ Probably Recollects	Watchtower	Ruins
		04B-10 Puerto Galera		Probably 18th century, 1753 onwards/ Militar	Naval station	No remains
		04B-11 San Teodoro		Probably 19th century/ Recollects	Watchtower	Degraded
	Palawan	04B-12 Agutaya		1683, other dates given are 1739 and 1784 as the date of completion./ Juan de Severo, OAR; the 1784 dated fort is attributed to the encomendero Antonio de Rojas who delineated the plan of the fort.	Bastioned fort	Degraded
		04B-13 Balabac		After 1857/ Military	Naval Station	Uncertain
		04B-14 Cagayancillo		late 16th (ca. 1580s) century to 1701-1714/ Fray Nicolas Melo, OSA;  Fray Alonso Calosa, OSA (parish priest from 1590-1602); Fray Hipolito Casiano (parish priest 1690 – 1714	Bastioned fort	Degraded
		04B-15 Culion		1683, renovated and improved 1740/ Juan de Severo OAR	Bastioned fort	Some remains
		04B-16 Cuyo Poblacion		1683; the NHI historical marker at Cuyo gives as construction date as “about 1680.” Bell tower built in 1827/ Juan de Severo, OAR	Bastioned fort	Renovated
		04B-17 Cuyo Lucbuan		Probably 19th century/ Uncertain, probably the townspeople or the military	Fortification	Degraded
		04B-18 Linapacan Poblacion (San Miguel)		before 1738/ Recollects and townspeople	Natural Fortification	Ruins
		04B-19 Linapacan Caseladan		Before 1738/ Recollect	Bastioned fort	Ruins
		04B-20 Puerto Princesa (Cuarteles)		19th century/ Spanish military	Military barracks	Some remains: Gate
		04B-21 Taytay		1626, ca. 1738/ Agustin de San Pedro OAR; military engineer Tomás de Castro	Bastioned fort	Ruins
		04B-22 Labo[g]		1719; demolished 1720/ Atilano de San José, OAR	Fortification	No remains
		04B-23 Dumaran		Probably late 18th century or early 19th (See discussion below)/ Probably Recollect	Fortification	Ruins
		04B-24 Silanga		Uncertain/ Probably Recollects	Watchtower	No remains
	Romblon	04B-25 Banton		1644, more probably 18thcentury; renovated 1990s/ Recollecs, attributed to Fray Agustin de San Pedro “El padre capitan,” assigned to Banton 1640-50	Fortified church	Renovated
		04B-26 Romblon San Andres		1640-50/ Agustin de San Pedro OAR, “padre capitan	Bastioned fort	Degraded, used as PAGASA meteorogical station
		04B-27 Romblon Santiago		1640-50 / Agustin de San Pedro, OAR	Gun emplacement	Ruins
		04B-28 Simara (Corcuera)		1855-1860/ Recollects, misattributed to Agustin de San Pedro	Watchtower	Ruins
		04B-29 Sibuyan		Probably 19th century/ Probably military	Military barracks	Degraded, abandoned
		04B-30 Tablas		Insufficient data but reported in a 1791 list of fortifications in the Visayas. Tablas is listed as having a stone baluarte./ Probably Recollects	Watchtower	Uncertain
Region 5: Bicol
	Camarines		05-01 Jose Panganiban [Mambulao] (Fuerza de San Carlos)	1755/ Don Francisco Xavier Estrogo Gallegos	Watchtower	No remains reported
			05-02 Libmanan	18th century/ Probably townspeople under the military	Watchtower	No remains reported
			05-03 Paracale (Fuerza de San Fernando de Malaguit)	1754/ Francisco Xavier Estrogo Gallegos	Watchtower	Ruins
			05-04 Pasacao	18th century-19th century/ Military	Watchtower	No remains reported
			05-05 Vinzon [Indan]	late 18th to 19th century / Uncertain	Watchtower	No remains
			05-06-08 Various Sites	late 18th century-early 19th century/ Townspeople with local leaders	Watchtower	Degraded
	Albay		05-09 Albay	By 1884, probably by 18th century/ Probably townspeople with help of the military	Watchtower	No remains
			05-10 Bato (Fuerza de San Felipe Neri)	Late 18th century/ Townspeople with local leaders	Watchtower	Uncertain
			05-11 Lagonoy	late 18th century/ Townspeople with local leaders	Watchtower	Uncertain
			05-12 Tabaco	Late 18th century/ Towns people, Franciscans	Belltower	Good condition
			05-13 Tiwi	late 18th century/ Townspeople with local leaders	Watchtower	Uncertain
			05-14-19 Various Sites	late 18th century/ Townspeople with local leaders	Watchtower	Unconfirmed, degraded
	Sorsogon		05-20-21 Bacon	Probably 18th century/ Townspeople with the Franciscan parish priest	Fortified town Watchtower	Degraded, walls remain Ruins
			05-22 Bagatao	Before 1616/ Most likely the navy	Naval Station Royal shipyard	No remains
			05-23 Bulan	After 1801/ Captains or gobernadorcillo of town, probably under the direction of the military or the Franciscan friars	Watchtower	Ruins
			05-24 Bulusan-Dapdap	ca. 1760/ Probably Franciscans with townspeople	Watchtower	Degraded
			05-25 Bulusan-Macabare	ca. 1760/ Probably Franciscans with townspeople	Watchtower	Degraded
			05-26 Bulusan-Layog	1799/ Probably Townspeople under their local gobernadorcillos	Watchtower	Degraded
			05-27 Bulusan-Poblacion	ca. 1760/ Probably Franciscans with the townspeople	Fortified church	Degraded, walls still standing
			05-28 Bulusan-Tawog	ca. 1760/ Probably Franciscans with townspeople	Watchtower	Degraded
			05-29-34 Casiguran	18th century/ Most likely townspeople under the Franciscans and military	Watchtowers	Uncertain
			05-35 Donsol	17th century/ Spanish navy	Fortification Royal shipyard	No remains
			05-36 Pilar (Astillero de Pilar)	Second half of the 16th century to early 17th century/ Spanish navy	Watchtower	Ruins
			05-37 Juban	Probably by mid-18th century/ Probably townspeople with local parish priest	Watchtower	Ruins
			05-38-56 Various	Various dates. Built by the 18th century, between 1734 and 1844/ Townspeople with under the leadership of the local priest or friar or a civil servant or the miltiary	Watchtower	Degraded
	Masbate		05-57 Baleno	18th century?/ Townspeople and local leaders	Watchtower	No remains
			05-58 Mobo (El Invincible Obando)	1752 demolished not long afterconstruction/Lucas de CastroOAR	Fortification	Demolished few years after 1752
	Ticao		05-59 Ticao (Fuerza de San Jacinto)	Built by 1799 or by 1810 / Agustin de Santa Catalina, OAR	Watchtower	No remains
Region	Province		Catalogue Number Muncipality/ City