Fortifications of the Visayas

 

 

Region	Province	Catalogue Number Muncipality/ City	Date of construction/Builder	Type	Status
Visayas
Region 6: Western Visayas
	Capiz	06-01 Barra	Probably 19th century/ Augustinians	Watchtower	Ruins
		06-02 Dumulog	Probably 19th century/ Augustinians	Watchtower	Ruins
		06-03 Nipa Point (also Ford Point)	1814/ Probably Augustinians	Fortification	Ruins
		06-04 Mambusao	By late-18th  century/ Probably Augustinians	Watchtower	No remains
		06-05 Roxas City	Before 1738/ Military	Fortification	No remains
	Iloilo	06-06 Between Guimbal and Miagao (at RASCO)	Probably late 18th century/ Augustinians; 1984, 2002 restored and repaired	Watchtower	Restored
		06-07 Guimbal (at Br. Pescador)	Probably late 18th century/ Augustinians; 1984 restored	Watchtower	Restored
		06-08 Guimbal (at Br. Colon)	Probably late 18th century/ Augustinians	Watchtower	Restored
		06-09 Iloilo City (San Pedro)	1616/ Military; 1738, 1820: Subsequent repairs and improvement	Fortification	Little  remains
		06-10 Miagao Baybay	1760 (accdg to NHI)/ Augustinians	Watchtower	Renovated
		06-11 Miagao	1786-1797/ Francisco Maximo Gonzales OSA	Fortified church	Restored
	Negros Occidental	06-12 Bacolod	1888/ Mauricio Ferrero OAR and Fernando Cuenca	Military barracks	Partial ruins
		06-13 Himamaylan	Probably late 18th century/ Uncertain	Military garrison	Degraded
	Antique	06-14 Bugasong	Probably late 18th century/ Augustinians	Watchtower	Ruins
		06-15 Libertad	Probably late 18th century/ Augustinians	Watchtower	Ruins
		06-16 San Jose	1792; 1812 subsequent repairs/ Augustinians	Triangular fortification	Ruins
	Aklan	06-17 Batang	late 18th century – early 19th century/ Military	Watchtower	No remains
Region 7: Central Visayas
	Negros Oriental	07-01 Ayungon	Probably 19th century/ Recollects	Watchtower	Ruins
		07-02 Dauin	Probably 19th century/ Recollects	Watchtower	Ruins
		07-03 Dumaguete	1760, 1811/ Recollects	Belltower	Renovated
		07-04 Manjuyod	Probably 19th century/ Recollects	Watchtower	Ruins
	Cebu	07-05 Alcoy 1	Between 1802-1815/ Fray Julian Bermejo OSA	Watchtower	Ruins
		07-06 Alcoy 2	1802-1815/ Julian Bermejo OSA	Watchtower	Ruins
		07-07 Argao Rauis	1802-1815?/ Attributed to Julian Bermejo, OSA	Watchtower	Ruins
		07-08 Argao Poblacion	1783, 1803-1830/ Francisco Espina OSA and Mateo Pérez OSA	Fortified church	Renovated; some sections degraded
		07-09 Boljoon Church	1802-1809/ Julian Bermejo OSA	Fortified church	Renovated
		07-10 Boljoon Tower 2	1802-1809/ Julian Bermejo OSA	Blockhouse	Good condition
		07-11 Boljoon Tower	1802-1815/ Julian Bermejo, OSA	Watchtower	Degraded
		07-12 Caceres	19th cent/ Julian Bermejo OSA	Watchtower	Ruins
		07-13 Caceres 2	19th cent/ Julian Bermejo OSA	Watchtower	Ruins
		07-14 Carcar Bas	Between 1802 and 1815/ Attributed to Fray Julian Bermejo OSA and townspeopl	Watchtower	Ruins
		07-15 Carcar Ocaña	Between 1802 and 1815/ Attributed to Fray Julian Bermejo OSA and townspeople	Watchtower	Ruins
		07-16 Carcar Valladolid	Between 1802 and 1815/ Attributed to Fray Julian Bermejo OSA and townspeople	Watchtower	Ruins
		07-17 Catmon	First half of 19th century between 1835 and 1843./ Attributed to Miguel (Martinez y de la Fuente) de Jesus, OAR, founder of Catmon and parish priest 1835-1843.	Fortification	Ruins
		07-18 Cebu City (San Pedro)	1565 (palisade); ca. 1600-35 (first stone structure); 1738, 1833 renovation./ Spanish military under Miguel Lopez de Legazpi; attributed to Gianantonio Campioni, SJ; Tomas Castro?	Bastioned fort	Restored
		07-19 Dalaguete  Coro	Insufficient data on foundations of watchtower facing the sea or on reputed watchtower on the nearby mountain,/ Most probably Julian Bermejo and townspeople	Watchtower	Ruins
		07-20 Dalaguete 1768 Tower	1768/ Probably Augustinians	Watchtower	Ruins
		07-21 Dalaguete Obong	Probably 19th century/ Attributed to Fray Julian Bermejo, OSA	Watchtower	Ruins
		07-22 Danao	Church constructed 1755, 19th century repairs/ Recollects, Fr. Manuel de Santa Barbara, OAR	Fortified church	No remains
		07-23 Ginatilan	Probably 19th century/ Augustinians or secular clergy. Cebu’s secular clergy were in charge of Cebu Island’s western coast.	Fortified church	Little remains of fortification
		07-24 Liloan Point Bagacay (Farola de Bagacay)	Uncertain, probably 19th century./ Probably military	Watchtower, Lighthouse	Degraded
		07-25 Mactan Island Southeast Coast	Unknown/ Unknown	Fortifications	Ruins
		07-26 Malabuyoc	Probably 19th century/ Probably secular clergy	Watchtower	Ruins
		07-27 Mandaue	19th cent?; probably after 1815/ Attributed to the Recollects	Watchtower	Renovated
		07-28 Minglanilla	Insufficient data	Watchtower	Renovated
		07-29 Oslob Daanglungsod Town	1789/ Most likely Augustinians	Fortified settlement	Ruins
		07-30 Oslob Daanglungsod Tower	1789/ Most likely Augustinians	Watchtower	Ruins
		07-31 Oslob Poblacion	1830-ca. 1858/ Various Augustinians: Julian Bermejo, Juan Aragones, Apolinar Alvarez, Mauricio Alvarez	Fortfiied chuch	Ruins
		07-32 Oslob Watchtower	Late 18th-19th century?/ Most likely Augustinians	Watchtower	Ruins
		07-33 Samboan	Uncertain, probably late 18th to  mid-19th cent.  The parish of San Miguel in Samboan was established in 1784. / Probably secular clergy.	Belltower	Degraded
		07-34 Sogod	ca. 1832/  Most likely secular clergy	Watchtower	Ruins
	Bohol	07-35 Baclayon	18th century: church built 1727, other structures uncertain dates of construction./ Jesuits	Fortified church	Renovated
		07-36 Balilihan	1840/ Recollects	Belltower	Partial ruins
		07-37 Cabilao	Most likely 18th century/ Recollects	Watchtower	Demolished
		07-38 Cortes	Most likely, late-18th century to mid-19th century/ Probably Recollects	Fortified church	Degraded
		07-39 Dauis Old Fort	18th cent/ Jesuit, probably Joseph Nepomuceno	Fortification	No remains
		07-40 Dauis Tower	1774. The date is inscribed over the tower’s main entrance./ Santiago Corazon de Jesus, OAR	Watchtower	Good condition
		07-41 Dimiao	Last quarter of the 18th century and 1817-21. / Recollects; 1817-21 construction by a maestro de obra under Enrique de Santo Tomas de Villanueva, OAR (parish priest of Dimíao 1797-1805, 1806-1812, and 1815-1817)	Fortification	Ruins
		07-42 Jagna	Uncertain, insufficient data/ Probably Recollect	Watchtower	No remains
		07-43 Loay Villalimpia	Probably 19th century/ Probably Recollects	Watchtower	Ruins
		07-44 Loboc	18th century/ Probably Jesuits.	Fortification	Uncertain
		07-45 Loon	Fortification 1770s, present church 1855-64/ Fort by Recollects; church designed by Domingo Escondrillas, constructed under José Garcia, OAR	Fortified church	Ruins
		07-46 Maribojoc	1778-1816; 1852-1872/ Recollects	Fortified church	Ruins
		07-47 Panglao Island, Panglao	1851/ Recollects?	Belltower	Degraded
		07-48 Pamilacan Island	Uncertain, probably 19th century?; 1877?/ Probably Recollect	Fortificatio	Ruins
		07-49 Punta Cruz, Maribojoc (San Vicente Ferrer)	1796/ Recollects	Fortification	Good condition
		07-50 Tagbilaran	Uncertain/ Jesuits but most likely Recollects	Fortified church	Little remains
		07-51 Tagbilaran (Escondrillas)	Second half of the 19th century, plan dated 1855/ Domingo de Escondrillas	Watchtower	Uncertain if built
		07-52 Talibon	Insufficient data/ Probably Recollect	Fortified church	Ruins
		07-53 Ubay	Uncertain, probably 19th century/ Probably Recollects	Watchtower	Ruins
	Bantayan	07-54 Bantayan Plaza	Uncertain, but the following dates have been suggested: After 1628 raids; 1790 even later ca. 1863. /Local parish priest, secular clergy, especially Fr. Doroteo Andrada del Rosario	Fortified church	No remains
		07-55 Bantayan Poblacion	Uncertain, various dates are given—After 1628 raids; after 1790. But 19th century is the most likely date of construction./ Secular clergy, attributed to Fr. Doroteo Andrada del Rosario	Fortified church	No remains
		07-56 Kabac	After 1628 raids; 1790/ Uncertain	Watchtower	Ruins
		07-57 Kaongkod	After 1628 raids; 1790/ Uncertain	Watchtower	Ruins
		07-58 Madridejos	After 1628 raids; 1790 or 97?; other dates ca. 1860,1880./ Uncertain as various dates of construction have been reported. Attributed to Fr. Doroteo Andrada del Rosario (parish priest ca. 1839-63) or Fr. Juan Alcoseba (parish priest 1880s)	Bastioned fort	Renovated
		07-59 Ocoy	Uncertain, various authors cite different dates—after 1628 raids; 1790; and as late as the 1860s/ Attributed to Fr. Doroteo Andrada del Rosario	Watchtower	Ruins
		07-60 Punta Baluarte	After 1628 raids; 1790s, 1860s/ Attributed to Fr. Doroteo Andrada del Rosario	Watchtower	Ruins
		07-61 Silion	After 1628 raids; 1790/ Uncertain	Watchtower	Ruins
		07-62 Santa Fe	Uncertain, various dates suggested—after 1628 raids; 1790/ Recollects? Most likely, secular clergy	Bastioned fort	Ruins
		07-63 Suba	After 1628 raids; 1790/ Attributed to local parish priest, especially Fr. Doroteo Andrada del Rosario	Watchtower	Ruins
		07-64 Tamiao	After 1628 raids; 1790; another date given 1860s/ Attributed to Fr. Doroteo del Rosario	Watchtower	Ruins
	Camotes	07-65 Poro	Probably late 18th century/ Recollects	Watchtower	Ruins
		07-66 San Francisco	Probably late 18th century/ Recollects	Watchtower	Ruins
	Siquijor	07-67 Lazi	1884, 1887/ Toribio Sanchez, OAR	Belltower	Good conditon
		07-68 Siquijor	1795/ Alonso de los Dolores OAR	Forfied church with independent Belltower	Fair condition
Region 8: Eastern Visayas
	Northern Samar	08-01 Calomotan	Uncertain, insufficient data/ Uncertain	Watchtower	No remains
		08-02 Capul Church	17th-18th cent/ Jesuits; renovated by the Franciscans	Bastioned fort	Degraded
		08-03 Capul Tower	Uncertain, most likely built at the same time as the fortified church of Capul./ Probably Jesuits	Watchtower	Ruins
		08-04 Lauang	Probably second half of the 18th century/ Franciscans	Fortified church	Little remains
		08-05 Palapag	Fortification and church Before 1649; repaired after 1650. Probable reconstruction of the church in the 18th century./ Jesuit, church complex builder Fr. Otazo; SJ, Ignacio Alzina, SJ	Fortified church	Fortification-some remains; church-recently restored
		08-06 Laoang Island Simbujan	Uncertain, Insufficient data/ Uncertain	Quadrilateral fort	Unconfirmed
	Samar	08-07 Basey	Probably late 18th to 19th centuries/ Probably Jesuits and/ or Franciscans	Fortified church	Little remains
		08-08 Catbalogan	18th century/ Jesuit	Fortified church	Partial remains
		08-09 Paranas [Wright]	Uncertain/ Probably Jesuits	Watchtower	Ruins
		08-10 Zumarraga [Buad] (Santa Barbara)	Probably 18th century/ Uncertain either Jesuits or  Franciscans	Fortification	Ruins
		08-11 Villareal [Umauas]	Probably 18th century/ Attributed to the Jesuits	Fortification	Ruins
	Eastern Samar	08-12 Guiuan	Probably 18th century/ Jesuits, repaired by Franciscans 19th century	Fortified church	Renovated
		08-13 Sulat	Before 1768/ Attributed to the Jesuits	Fortified church	Partial remains
		08-14 Taft [Tubig]	Before 1768/ Attributed to the Jesuits	Fortified church	Little remains
	Biliran	08-15 Maripipi	Before 1768. The precise date for the construction of the watchtower is uncertain as documents about the fortification are lacking./ Jesuits	Watchtower	Ruins
		08-16 Nasunugan	18th century; ca. 1765 to 1774; burned ca. 1774/ Attributed to Pbro. Gaspar Ignacio de Guevara	Fortification	Ruins
		08-17 Ilawod	before 1712/ Probably Jesuits or probably the military if the watchtower is associated with the shipyard of Panamao (former name of Biliran Island).	Watchtower	Unconfirmed
	Leyte	08-18 Abuyog	1718/ Jesuit	Fortified church	No remains
		08-19 Alangalang	Before 1768/ Jesuits	Fortified convento	No remains
		08-20 Babatngon	1862/ Most likely, Franciscans as the Leyte island was under the care of the friars from 1834 onwards		No remains reported
		08-21 Barugo	Before 1768/ Jesuits	Fortified church	No remains
		08-22 Between Carigara and Barugo	Probably 18th century/ Most likely Jesuits	Watchtower	Ruins
		08-23 Carigara	Before 1754/ Jesuits	Fortification	No remains
		08-24 Dagami	Before 1768/ Jesuit	Fortified church	No remains
		08-25 Dulag	Before 1768 and 19th century/ Jesuits and Cipriano Barbasan, OSA	Fortified church	No remains
		08-26 Hilongos	By the 18th century/ Jesuits	Fortified church	Degraded; church renovated
		08-27 Ormoc City	Existing remains uncertain, but earlier fort built ca. 1634/ Earlier fort by Juan del Carpio, SJ; possible builders after Carpio	Fortified church	Some remains
		08-28 Palompon	Before 1768/ Jesuits	Fortified church	No remains
		08-29 Matalom	1841/ Augustinians?	Watchtower	Renovated
		08-30 Palo	18th century, most like ca. 1718 when a stone church was built/ Jesuits	Fortification	No remains
		08-31 Tanauan	1630s-1704/ Jesuits, beginning of construction attributed to Melchor de Vera	Fortified church	Some remains
	Southern Leyte	08-32 San Juan (Cabalian)	1620s/ Jesuits	Watchtower	Ruins
		08-33-34 Hinunangan	Probably before 1768/ Probably Jesuits	Watchtower	Good condition
		08-35-36 Hinunangan	Uncertain/ Uncertain	Watchtower	Good condition
		08-37 Maasin Church	1874 (church); 1781 (fort)/ Church and convento by Franciscans; fort probably by Augustinians or secular clergy?	Fortified church	Degraded fortification, church renovated
		08-38 Maasin Market	Probably 18th century/ Uncertain	Watchtower	Burnt 1993
		08-39-40 Malitbog	1862/ Uncertain, probably military	Watchtower	Ruins
		08-41 Sogod	late 18th – early 19th centuries / Attributed to the Secular or diocesan clergy	Watchtower	Ruins
Region	Province	Catalogue Number Muncipality/ City	Date of construction/ Builder	Type	Status